Understanding Sensory Processing in Autism

Understanding Sensory Processing in Autism: What Parents and Teachers Should Know

TL;DR Summary

• Sensory processing is how the brain takes in and responds to information from the senses.

• Many autistic children experience over- or under-sensitivity to sound, touch, movement, or light.

• Sensory behaviors like spinning, covering ears, or seeking pressure are ways to self-regulate.

• Adults can help by watching for patterns, creating supportive environments, and using visual tools.

• Visual communication cards can help children express what their body needs.

What Is Sensory Processing?

Sensory processing is how our brains interpret the world around us — the sights, sounds, textures, movements, and smells we experience every day.

For most people, this happens automatically. But for many autistic children, the brain processes sensory input differently. That means everyday experiences — like a humming light, a scratchy shirt, or a crowded hallway — can feel overwhelming, while other times, the child may crave extra movement or touch just to feel regulated.

Why Sensory Processing Differences Matter

A child who’s overwhelmed might cover their ears, hide under a table, or refuse to join an activity.

When the brain has trouble filtering or organizing sensory information, a child’s behavior often reflects that struggle. A child who’s overwhelmed might cover their ears, hide under a table, or refuse to join a group activity. Another child might seek extra stimulation — spinning, bouncing, or crashing into things — to feel “just right.”

These actions aren’t defiance or misbehavior. They’re communication.

Understanding the “why” behind these behaviors helps adults respond with empathy and support instead of frustration.

Common Signs of Sensory Differences

Every child’s sensory profile is unique, but here are some patterns you might notice:

Sensory Seeking Behaviors

• Jumping, spinning, or crashing into objects

• Enjoying tight hugs or pressure

• Touching everything nearby

• Making loud noises or enjoying vibration

Sensory Avoiding Behaviors

• Covering ears or eyes

• Refusing certain textures or clothes

• Avoiding messy play

• Becoming upset in crowds or noisy settings

Children with autism can be either sensory avoidant or seeking and may be both at times.

Mixed or Fluctuating Responses

Some children seek certain types of input (like movement) but avoid others (like touch or sound).Responses can also change day to day based on stress, sleep, or environment.

How Sensory Processing Impacts Daily Life

Sensory differences can affect everything from classroom learning to mealtimes and transitions.

For example:

• A child who craves movement may struggle to sit still during circle time.

• A child sensitive to noise may have trouble focusing in a busy classroom.

• Certain textures may make eating or dressing stressful.

When we view these behaviors through a sensory lens, we can plan ahead — offering the right supports before challenges occur.

How to Support Children with Sensory Differences

There’s no one-size-fits-all approach, but here are a few ways to help:

• Observe and document patterns. Notice what triggers stress or calm.

• Create predictable routines. Visual schedules and clear expectations reduce uncertainty.

• Offer sensory breaks. Build in movement, deep pressure, or quiet time as needed.

• Adjust the environment. Use soft lighting, quiet corners, or seating options.

• Give choices. Empower children to express what they need through visuals or simple options.

Helping Children Communicate Sensory Needs

Many kids with autism can’t always tell you with words what their body needs — even if they use verbal language at other times.

Many kids with autism can’t always tell you with words what their body needs — even if they use verbal language at other times. But there are strategies you can try to help them communicate what they need.

You might hand your child two objects and let them point to what they want — maybe their headphones or a fidget toy. Or you can watch their body for clues: are they bouncing up and down in their chair, covering their ears, or hiding under a blanket? Those actions often tell you what kind of sensory input they’re craving.

 For children who consistently need the same kind of break, you can build that directly into their daily schedule.

Visual tools can be used if they are a strong visual learner. You can take pictures of their favorite sensory items, get images from online, or purchase pictures such as these on ETSY.

Using Sensory Needs PECs-Style Communication Cards, you can display several choices — like “swing,” “quiet time,” “weighted blanket,” or “jumping” — and let your child pick what helps them feel calm and focused. Remember to always keep the visuals where the child has access to them.

And for children who consistently need the same kind of break (like swinging or heavy work), you can build that directly into their daily routine so their sensory needs are met before frustration starts.

👉 Explore Sensory Needs Communication Cards

Includes realistic photo and clipart options for proprioceptive, vestibular, and tactile input.

When Sensory Input Becomes Too Much

While sensory activities can be helpful, it’s important to watch for signs that something is too stimulating — even a favorite activity can become overwhelming if overdone.

Look for:

• Sudden irritability or withdrawal

• Flushed face or fast breathing after swinging

• Refusing to continue an activity they usually love

If you see these signs, pause and offer calming input instead, such as deep pressure, dim lighting, or a break in a quiet space.

Balance is key — the goal is to help the child’s body feel “just right.”

Putting It All Together

Supporting sensory processing differences begins with understanding. When adults can see behavior as communication, it changes everything.

By combining observation, flexibility, and tools like visual schedules and communication cards, we can create environments that help autistic children feel safe, understood, and ready to learn.

Related Resources

• How Sensory Breaks Reduce Challenging Behaviors in Autism

• Visual Supports That Build Independence

• Struggling with Challenging Behaviors? Try Punchcards

FAQ: Sensory Processing and Autism

Q: What does sensory processing mean in autism?

It’s how the brain takes in and organizes sensory information. In autism, this process may be faster, slower, or more intense, affecting how a child responds to the world.

Q: What are examples of sensory sensitivities?

Sensitivity to sound, light, touch, textures, or movement — for example, covering ears, avoiding tags, or loving spinning.

Q: How can I support sensory needs at home or school?

Offer predictable routines, visual supports, and frequent sensory breaks. Adjust lighting, sound, and seating to reduce stress.

Q: Can sensory supports reduce challenging behaviors?

Yes. Meeting sensory needs helps children regulate emotions and reduces meltdowns linked to sensory overload or frustration.

Disclaimer: I am not a medical professional or occupational therapist. The information shared here is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice. Always consult with your child’s healthcare provider or occupational therapist before beginning any new sensory or therapeutic activities.

Research Reference

AOTA Research (2020). Sensory Diets: Do They Work? American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(4 Suppl 1), 7411520490p1.Visual analysis of single-case studies indicates that sensory diets positively affect behaviors tied to sensory processing skills, especially sensory seeking.